美国自由贸易协定中数字产品贸易的规制研究

On Legal Regulation of Digital Product Trade in U.S. FTA

在WTO关于数字产品贸易的谈判中,美国一直主张适用GATT和零关税,但遭到了欧盟等的坚决反对。之后,美国通过自由贸易协定的形式推行其政策立场。在自由贸易协定中设立"电子商务章",以有别于货物贸易和服务贸易;在跨境服务章中采用限制性清单的方法,力争为数字产品贸易提供较大程度的自由化。美国通过自由贸易协定规制数字产品的模式尽管值得商榷,但确实为WTO规制数字产品贸易进行了先行的尝试,拓展了其国内政策的国际空间。美国这种竭力将其国内政策推行为国际共同立场的做法,对于经常主张与国际接轨并被动接受国际规则的中国来说,无疑值得借鉴。

In the WTO negotiation regarding the trade of digital products, the United States hold GATY and du- ty-free principle should apply to transnational trade of digital products. However, the European Union and other countries oppose the U.S. position. Recently, by concluding free trade agreements （ FTA）, the U.S. has spread and expanded its policies. In U. S. FTA, a special chapter on electronic commerce and the negative list approach in cross-border service chapter are established. Those measures can bring digital products more liberal treatment. Although the value of U. S FTA mode is doubtful, as a preliminary test for WTO regulation on transnational trade of digital products, the U.S. FTAs extend international space of its related policies. Currently, people often talk over that China should gear to international standards. The previous ideas and behaviors that the U.S. turns its domestic policy into international standards can be used for future reference by China.