自由主义公民身份理论的演进

The Evolution of Liberal Citizenship Theory

自由主义的公民身份理论虽然直到17世纪才随着自由主义的产生而形成,但它最终却发展成为西方占主导地位的公民身份理论,这在很大程度上得益于它适应了现代社会个人主义与多元主义的特征。自由主义的公民身份理论是逐步演进的,洛克、马歇尔、罗尔斯等自由主义理论家对此作出了不同的贡献。自由主义的公民身份观念也受到了来自不同方向的批评,但这些批评从根本上不足以撼动它在西方世界的主导性地位。

Liberal citizenship theory emerged with liberalism per se until the 17th century. But it eventually developed into the dominated citizenship theory in western world. This in large part thanks to it adapt to individualism and pluralism of modern society. Liberal citizenship theory is evo- lutionary. John Locke, T. H. Marshall, John Rawls and other liberal theorists made different contri- butions to it. Liberal conception of citizenship has also been criticized from different directions. But these criticisms are fundamentally not enough to shake its dominant position in the western world.