克拉玛依农业开发区地下水埋深与土壤积盐空间异质性分析

Spatial Distribution Pattern Quantitative Analysis of Soil Salt Accumulation and Groundwater Depth in the Karamay Agricultural Development Zone

【目的】分析克拉玛依农业开发区地下水作用条件下土壤的积盐规律,为研究其土壤盐渍化的成因以及制定合理改良对策提供依据。【方法】运用GIS和地统计学的原理与方法,结合地下水埋深的空间分布,对土壤盐分分布规律进行定量分析。【结果】地下水埋深、耕层土壤含盐量均属于中等变异强度,中、底层土壤含盐量属强等变异性;受结构性因素和随机性因素的共同作用,地下水埋深、底层土壤含盐量呈强空间自相关性,耕层、中层土壤含盐量具有明显的空间自相关性;对空间尺度上的地下水埋深与土壤含盐量定量分析表明,耕层、底层土壤含盐量与地下水埋深呈负相关性,中层土壤含盐量与地下水埋深相关性不明显。【结论】加强排水,制定合理灌溉定额并严格实施,从而控制并降低地下水位是当前盐碱改良主要措施。

[ Objective ] Analyzing the regularity of soil salt accumulation in plough layer caused by groundwater is order to study the formative reason of soil salinization and constitute improved countermeasure in the agricultural development zones of Karamay. [ Method] GIS and methods of geostatistics were applied to re- gionalize the study area based on the spatial distribution pattern of groundwater table. [ Result] Quantitative a- nalysis was performed. Results of the soil salinity distributing features indicate that groundwater depth, soil salt content all exhibit moderate spatial variation. Soil salt content of the middle and bottom layer exhibits strong variation. Owing to compound impact of structural and stochastic factors, groundwater table and the soil salt content of bottom layer exhibit strong spatial autocorrelation while the soil salt content of tilth soil and mid- die layer have obvious spatial autocorrelation. The quantitative analysis of groundwater and soil salinity in plough layer, which is performed at the spatial scale, shows that the soil salt content of tilth soil and bottom layer is negatively correlated with the depth of the water while middle layer and groundwater depth have no ob- vious correlation. [ Conclusion ] The current saline improved main measures is to control and reduce the un- derground water level. Governor must strengthen drainage, formulate reasonable irrigation quota and strictly implement.