莎士比亚第73首十四行诗的认知隐喻解读

Close Reading and Appreciation of the Cognitive Metaphors in Shakespeare's Sonnet 73

以认知语言学中的隐喻认知理论为指导对经典名作莎士比亚十四行诗中的第七十三首(Sonnet 73)进行解读和赏析,旨在为莎翁十四行诗的赏析探讨新的视角。发现Sonnet 73中诗人使用了大量的基于日常生活经验的认知隐喻,其中包括本体隐喻、结构隐喻、容器隐喻、意象隐喻等,构成了既错综复杂又精细巧妙的整体隐喻框架。诗人将人的生命隐喻为一年的轮回、一日的更迭,以及火焰的生熄变化,指出人到了晚年,犹如黄叶零落的秋天、犹如落霞消残的黄昏、犹如奄奄一息的灰烬,生命即将结束,死亡即将来临,所以要抓住时光的分分秒秒去珍惜生命、珍惜爱情、珍惜美。

Based on the cognitive theory of metaphor in cognitive linguistics, this essay tries to have a close reading and appreciation of Shakespeare＇ s classic master piece Sonnet 73 ,in order to explore a new perspective in understanding Shakespeare＇ s sonnets. Results show that in Sonnet 73 the poet uses a lot of everyday experience-based cognitive metaphors,including ontological metaphors, structural metaphors, container metaphors and image metaphors, which together have constructed a highly-structured complex and delicate meta- phorical framework. The poem has human being＇ s lifetime metaphorically mapped onto a ycar,a day,and a fire,pointing out that when one gets into old age, much like autumn with yellow leaves,like sunset with twilight, and like ashes of a fire, one＇ s lifetime will finish soon and death will come immediately, therefore ,we should cherish life ,love and beauty.