长期不同施肥对南方黄泥田水稻子粒与土壤锌、硼、铜、铁、锰含量的影响

Effects of long-term fertilization on contents of Zn,B,Cu,Fe and Mn in rice grain and soil in yellow paddy fields of southern China

在福建黄泥田长期定位施肥试验的第26年,研究了不同施肥模式对水稻子粒与土壤微量元素含量的影响。结果表明,与不施肥(CK)相比,化肥+牛粪(NPKM)、化肥+秸秆还田(NPKS)及单施化肥(NPK)处理的水稻子粒Zn、B、Cu含量均有不同程度的提高,并尤以NPKM处理最为明显,三种微量元素含量分别提高14.3%、25.1%、465.2%,均达差异显著水平。NPKM与NPKS处理还不同程度地提高了子粒Mn含量,但各施肥处理的子粒Fe含量均显著降低。各施肥处理尤其是NPKM与NPKS均显著提高了子粒微量元素吸收量。NPK处理的土壤有效B、Fe、Zn、Cu含量与CK相比均呈下降趋势,且有效Zn、Mn含量较试验前土壤分别降低了36.4%与24.6%,而NPKM与NPKS处理缓解了下降趋势,且NPKM处理的土壤有效Zn、B、Mn含量分别较CK提高46.6%、52.0%、43.0%,均达差异显著水平。土壤有机质与子粒B、Cu、Zn含量呈显著正相关,子粒必需氨基酸、粗蛋白与子粒Zn含量呈显著正相关。以上结果说明,长期化肥配施牛粪或秸秆还田有利于提高水稻子粒Zn、B、Cu等微量元素含量和产量,改善子粒营养品质,一定程度上又可缓解土壤有效微量元素含量的下降,是适合南方黄泥田的施肥模式。

Based on data collected at the 26th year of a long term fertilization experiment in the yellow paddy in Fujian, we investigated the influences of different long-term fertilization regimes on the contents of micronutrients in rice grain and soil. The results show that compared with the control （without fertilization, CK）, the contents of Zn, B and Cu of rice grains under the treatments of chemical fertilizer plus cattle manure （ NPKM）, chemical fertilizer plus straw （NPKS） and chemical fertilizer （NPK） are all increased more or less, especially under the treatment of NPKM which are increased by 14. 3% 25.1% and 465.2%, respectively. The contents of Mn of grains are also improved more or less under the NPKM and NPKS treatments; however, the Fe contents of grains are all significantly reduced in all fertilization treatments. Applications of the fertilizers, especially the NPKM and NPKS, increase the uptakes of grain micronutrients. There are declining trends of the available B, Fe, Zn and Cu contents of soil in the NPK treatment compared with the CK, moreover, in the NPK treatment, the available Zn and Mn contents of soil are decreased by 36.4% and 24. 6%, respectively compared with the initial soil test. In contrast, the dropping tread was mitigated in the NPKM and NPKS treatments for above micronutrient. Applications of the NPKM, even increase available Zn, B and Mn contents of soil by 46. 6%, 52. 0% and 43.0% compared with the CK, respectively, which shows significant differences. The contents of organic matters are significantly and positively correlated to B, Cu and Zn contents of grains, and the amino acid and coarse protein contents of grains are significantly and positively correlated to the Zn contents of rice grains. In conclusion, the chemical fertilizers combined with cattle manure or straws, not only increase the micronutrient contents of rice grains, yields and some nutrient quality, but also mitigate the dropping trend of the mieronutrient contents of soil to a certain extent, which is more suitable fertilization pattern for yellow paddy fields of southern China.