美国果菜类蔬菜2010年农药使用情况分析

The Survey and Analysis of American Fruit Vegetable Chemical Usage in 2010

美国农业部农业统计中心(National Agricultural Statistics Service,NASS)日前公布了2010年度蔬菜中农药使用情况的统计报告。此报告中的数据采自2010年9月-2011年1月,对19个州的样本进行了统计,考察对象包括29种蔬菜作物。本文依据美国农业部发布的报告,对美国2010年黄瓜、番茄、茄子以及菜用玉米等果菜类蔬菜上常用杀虫剂、杀菌剂和除草剂的使用情况作了详细的计算和分析。按照有效成分统计,黄瓜上使用的杀虫剂有45种、杀菌剂39种、除草剂19种,其中使用最普遍的分别是灭多威、百菌清和乙丁烯氟灵。番茄上使用杀虫剂有34种、杀菌剂23种、除草剂11种,其中使用最普遍的分别是高效氯氰菊酯、百菌清和敌草胺。茄子上使用杀虫剂有24种、杀菌剂17种、除草剂11种,其中使用最普遍的分别是乙基多杀菌素、氢氧化铜和敌草胺。菜用甜玉米上使用杀虫剂有50种、杀菌剂19种、除草剂48种,其中使用最普遍的分别是灭多威、代森锰锌和莠去津。调查数据分析表明,美国在果菜类蔬菜生产中使用的农药品种以传统品种为主。

NASS list the vegetable chemical usage survey recently. The survey was conducted on 29 vegetable crops in 19 states. And the data collection occurred during the months of September 2010 through January 2011. According to the report, we made a detailed caculation and analysis of the commonly used insecticides, fungicides and herbicides on four fruit vegetables： cucumber, tomato, eggplant and sweet corn. In accordance with active ingredient, 45 kinds insecticides, 39 kinds fungicides and 19 kinds herbicides were used in cucumber, and the most commonly used insecticide, fungicides and herbicides were methomyl, chlorothalonil and ethalfluralin. There are 34 kinds insecticides, 23kinds fungicides and 11 kinds herbicides used on tomoto, and the most commonly used insecticide, fungicides and herbicides were zeta-cypermethrin, chlorothalonil and napropamide. There are 24 kinds insecticides, 17 kinds fungicides and 11 kinds herbicides used on eggplant, and the most commonly used insecticide, fungicides and herbicides were spinetoram, copper hydroxide and napropamide. 50 kinds insecticides, 19 kinds fungicides and 48 kinds herbicides were used on sweet corn, and the most commonly used insecticide, fungicides and herbicides were methomyl, mancozeb and atrazine. The data analysis demonstrated that American＇ s. pesticides usage in the production of fruit vegetables were the traditional varieties.