服务机器人技术研究现状与发展趋势

Research status and development trends of the service robotic technology

服务机器人技术经过近30年的发展,在机械、信息、材料、控制、医学等多学科交叉方面取得了重要的成果,本文结合作者在机器人领域的相关工作,在分析国内外关于服务机器人发展研究现状的基础上,就服务机器人目前涉及的仿生材料与结构、自重构机器人、复杂环境下机器人动力学问题、智能认知与感知、网络化交互及微纳系统等关键技术的研究进展做简要的综述,并概要展望了其发展趋势.希望能够在把握国际服务机器人前沿技术发展动态的同时,为培育我国服务机器人产业提供相关理论、方法及技术.

After thirty years＇ development, the service robots have achieved important results in the interdisci- plinary aspect involving mechanical engineering, information, material, control as well as medicine. In combination with our relative research work in the field of service robots, in this paper, we review the research and development status of the service robotic technologies based on the analysis about the current development of the service robots at home and abroad. The key technologies include the biomimetic materials and structure for more efficient and compact design, the self-reconfiguring modular robots with more strong survival ability, the robotic dynamics under the complex environments, the intelligent cognitive and perception for more information, the networked interaction for more complex tasks, the micro-nano robotic systems used in tiny space and so on. Finally, we think that the dialectical relationships between the needs and the innovation, the industry, the service and the safety are the core driving and binding forces which will influence the development of the service robots significantly. We hope this paper will not only grasp the development trends of the international advanced service robots, but also provide related theory, method and technology for our country＇s service robotic industry.