2010年美国洋葱、芦笋用药情况调查与分析

Analysis of Onion and Asparagus Agrochemical Usage in America in 2010

美国农业部农业统计中心(National Agricultural Statistics Service,NASS)日前公布了2010年度蔬菜中农药使用情况的统计报告。此报告中的数据采自2010年9月—2011年1月,对19个州的样本进行了统计,考察对象包括29种蔬菜作物。本文依据美国农业部发布的报告,对美国2010年茎菜类蔬菜洋葱、芦笋上常用杀虫剂、杀菌剂和除草剂的使用情况作了详细的计算和分析。按照有效成分统计,洋葱上使用杀虫剂有36种、杀菌剂37种、除草剂40种,其中使用最普遍的分别是灭多威、代森锰锌和乙氧氟草醚。芦笋上使用的杀虫剂有15种、杀菌剂5种、除草剂28种,其中使用最普遍的分别是甲萘威、百菌清和敌草隆。调查数据分析表明,美国在洋葱、芦笋等茎菜类蔬菜生产中使用的农药品种以传统品种为主。

NASS list the vegetable chemical usage survey recently. The survey was conducted on 29 vegetable crops in 19 states. The data collection occurred during the months of September 2010 through January 2011. According to the report, we made a detailed caculation and analy- sis of the commonly used insecticides, fungicides and herbicides on two stem vegetables, as- paragus and onion. In accordance with active ingredient, 15 kinds of insecticides, 5 kinds of fungicides and 28 kinds of herbicides were used in asparagus, and the most commonly used in- secticide, fungicides and herbicides were carbaryl, chlorothalonil and diuron respectively. There are 36 kinds insecticides, 37 kinds fungicides and 40 kinds herbicides used on onion, and the most commonly used insecticide, fungicides and herbicides were methomyl, mancozeb and oxyfluorfen. The data analysis demonstrated that American＇ s pesticides usage in the pro- duction of stem vegetables were the traditional varieties.