资本与虚无：马克思论虚无主义的塑造与超越

Capital and Nihilismus: Marx's Analysis on the Making of Nihilismus and Beyond

与屠格涅夫、尼采和海德格尔相比,马克思在资本逻辑的分析中看到了资产阶级虚无主义的必然力量。它不仅体现为物,而且更体现为社会生产关系的资本,在谋求自我壮大和扩展的运动中,必然荡除一切超验的神圣和崇高,把一切都推向市场,把一切都置换成物品,标上价格。绝对神圣不可侵犯的存在只有资本及其积累。维系共同体理想的超验神圣存在被消解了,资本自己塑造的经验神圣物品,也因为必需不断推倒重建以换取更大利润的内在需要,使其超凡脱俗的品格的存在时间更为短暂。不管是破旧还是新造,资本的逻辑都是追逐更大的利润。货币成为一切价值的公分母。资产阶级必然陷入虚无主义,是马克思、尼采、屠格涅夫的共同认定。对马克思来说,一个新的历史主体可以遏制、避免和超越虚无主义,继续创造历史伟业。在中国现代化新形势下,可以把这个创造历史伟业的未来新人看作各阶级、各民族联合的中华民族共同体。

Marx in his analysis of the logic of capital revealed the strength of capitalist Nihilismus which is not only reflected in matter,but also reflected in capital that is the reflection of social relations of production,and in its movement to pursue self enlargement and expanding inevitably sweeping away all transcendental holiness and nobility and pushing everything in market,also replacing everything for goods with prices.The absolute exist is only capital and its accumulation,whereas the logic of capital is forever pursuing larger profit and its sacred character is showing very temporarily.Therefore,the bourgeois class inevitably got into nihilismus which was the common idea of Marx,Nietzsche and Turgenev.Marx held the idea that there must be a wholly new historical subject to limit,prevent,and surpass nihilismus and to complete the great historical undertaking.Under the situation of China's modernization,we can take the great Chinese nation united by ethnic groups as the new subject that will complete the great historical undertaking.