儿童食物皮肤点刺试验结果分析与过敏控制

Result analysis of food skin prick test and control of allergy

目的:分析皮肤点刺试验(skin prick test,SPT)阳性结果,指导家长在喂养过程中控制由食物引起的过敏反应。方法:随机收集2009年6月～2010年10月在南京市妇幼保健院儿保门诊接受健康体检的6个月～2岁儿童195例(排除各种急性期疾病及中、重度湿疹),进行牛奶、鸡蛋、鱼、虾、小麦5种常见食物的SPT,对其阳性结果进行分析。结果:轻微湿疹儿童对食物过敏的有50.75%,正常儿童对食物过敏的有11.47%,轻微湿疹患儿食物过敏发生率高于正常儿童,两者有显著差异(P<0.05)。不同食物过敏原阳性率在各月龄组儿童均表现为鸡蛋>虾>鱼>牛奶>小麦,且随着年龄增长食物过敏阳性率有降低趋势。结论:食物过敏在儿童中发生率较高,尤其是患有轻微湿疹的儿童,根据儿童过敏的特点,应早期避免接触食物过敏原,在辅食添加的过程中逐一添加、循序渐进,从而有效控制食物过敏的发生。

Objective： To analyze the positive results of skin prick test （SPT）, direct the parents to control the allergic reactions induced by food in the course of feeding. Methods ： A total of 195 children aged 6 months to 2 years old who received physical examination in pediatric outpatient department of the hospital from June 2009 to October 2010 were randomly collected, the children with various diseases at acute phase and moderate, severe eczema were excluded, then the children underwent SPT of five common foods （ milk, egg, fish, shrimp, and wheat）, the positive results were analyzed. Results： The incidences of allergy to foods in children with mild eczema and normal children were 50. 75% and 11.47% , respectively, there was statistically significant difference （P 〈 0. 05 ） . The positive rates of different food allergens in the children at different age groups were indicated as egg 〉 shrimp 〉 fish 〉 milk 〉 wheat, showing decreasing trends with age. Conclusion： The incidence of food allergy in children was high, especially in the children with mild eczema; according to the charac- teristics of allergy in children, exposing to food allergens should be avoided in the early stage, the food allergens should be added one by one and step by step in the course of complementary feeding to control the occurrence of food allergy effectively.