足月新生儿贫血发生时间及影响因素的研究

Study on onset time and influencing factors of anemia in term neonates

目的:探讨足月新生儿贫血发生时间及其影响因素。方法:对收治的287例发生贫血的足月新生儿进行回顾性研究,分析足月新生儿贫血发生时间与性别、胎龄、出生体质量、溶血、失血等多种因素的相关性。结果:47%足月新生儿贫血发生在生后1周内,32%发生在生后第2周,13%发生在生后第3周,8%发生在生后第4周。早期贫血足月新生儿中溶血及宫内窘迫、生后窒息发生率较晚期贫血足月新生儿高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。早期贫血足月新生儿的出生体质量较晚期贫血足月新生儿大(P<0.05),初始出现贫血时平均红细胞体积(MCV)较晚期贫血足月新生儿高(P<0.05),但感染发生率却较晚期贫血足月新生儿低(P<0.01)。结论:足月新生儿贫血多发生在生后3周内,且溶血及围产期缺氧与足月新生儿早期贫血密切相关,感染与足月新生儿晚期贫血密切相关。

Objective： To explore the onset time and influencing factors of anemia in term neonates. Methods ： A total of 287 term neonates with anemia who were treated in the hospital were analyzed statistically, the correlation between the onset time of anemia in term ne- onates and gender, fetal age, birth weight, hemolysis, and blood loss was analyzed. Results： The incidences of neonatal anemia within one, two, three, and four weeks after birth was 47% , 32% , 13% , and 8% , respectively. The incidences of intrauterine distress and asphyxia after birth in term neonates with early anemia were statistically significantly higher than those in term neonates with late anemia （ P 〈 0. 01 ） ; the birth weight of term neonates with early anemia was statistically significantly .higher than that of term neonates with late anemia （ P 〈 0. 05 ） . The mean corpuscular volume （MCV） of term neonates with early anemia was statistically significantly higher than that of term neo- nates with late anemia （ P 〈 0. 05 ） . The incidence of infection in term neonates with early anemia was statistically significantly lower than that in term neonates with late anemia （P 〈 0. 01 ） . Conclusion： Anemia mostly occurs in term neonates within three weeks after birth, he- molysis and hypoxia during perinatal period are closely correlated with early anemia in term neonates, infection is closely related to late ane- mia in term neonates.