我国科技事业的市场化探索:问题和改革路向

The Marketization of China's Science and Technology:Problems and Reform Orientation

自20世纪80年代中期开始,我国逐步改革具有高度计划性的科技体制,开始进行市场化探索,如改变科研单位属性、变革拨款机制、引入市场竞争工具、建立投资风险机制等,并取得了明显的成效。但是不容置疑,探索过程中也存在不少问题,如科技事业的单中心体制,科技项目的市场化尺度混乱,重科技奖励、轻知识产权以及科技事业的市场化工具较少等。基于这种行为,认为我国需要建立科技事业提供的类市场机制,引入多元的市场化工具,完善知识产权制度与科技成果转化机制,进一步推进科技事业的市场化进程,并在科技的商业性和公益性之间取得适当平衡。

Since mid 1980s, China has gradually transformed the highly central controlled science ga technology system and has started a series of marketization reforms, such as changing the properties and funding mechanism of scientific research units, introducing market-oriented tools and promoting the institutional risk investment system. Despite the fact that the reforms aim toward marketization, there are still many unsolved problems including the single centered system for the pro- vision of seience＆ technology, the chaos of the benchmark for the science projects, the disconsideration of intellectual property rights and the inadequacy of marketoriented tools, etc. To balance the public and commercial interest of science ＆teehnology, it is necessary to further promote the market-oriented reform through the establishing quasi-markets sys- tem, diversifying the policy tools and improving the intellectual property system.