技术结构视角下吸收能力与知识溢出效应——基于中国省际1995～2009年面板数据的经验研究

Absorptive Capacity and Technology Spillovers in Technology Structural Change Perspective

基于1995～2009年中国省区面板数据,本文利用数据包络法计算各省区的Malmquist生产率指数,并将其分解为技术效率和技术进步,考察了人力资本、研发投入、制度因素和技术差距这四个因素构成的吸收能力综合变量对省际和国际R&D溢出效应的影响,并进一步实证分析技术结构在吸收能力与R&D溢出交互效应中所发挥的作用。研究主要结论:(1)省际溢出、国际贸易溢出、外商直接投资溢出和对外直接投资溢出都是影响地区TFP的重要因素;(2)吸收能力通过与不同渠道技术溢出的交互作用,对地区TFP及其分解变量产生不同影响;(3)地区技术结构通过作用于吸收能力与技术溢出的融合程度,而影响地区TFP及其分解变量。在技术结构作用下,省际溢出和国际溢出对地区TFP存在多方位的作用路径。

Based on province the following four aspects： First, tests Total Factor Productivity of -level panel data of china over the period 1995 ~ 2009, this paper researches from using Malmquist index of the data envelopment analysis method calculates and each province in China, which is divided into Efficiency Change and Technical Change; Second, this paper improves traditional international model of knowledge spillover. In the Chinese con- text, develops the traditional knowledge spillover effect model into inter-provincial and international knowledge spillover, further refines the effect of knowledge spillover on the total factor productivity. So, the international knowledge spillover effect comprehensively covers four main channels： international import and export trade, FDI and ODI. In third, the existing literature about the relationship between absorptive capacity and technology spillo- ver effect mostly focused on human capital, and are short of researching comprehensive absorption ability variable about human capital, the proportion of R＆D, system and technology gap. This paper will study the effects of the four variables and comprehensive absorption ability variables on China provincial and international knowledge spillo- ver; Forth, the absorptive capacity to advanced knowledge and growth pattern of TFP in China is unique, this paper attempts to focus on the mechanism of action about technical structure to absorptive capacity, TC, EC, which in the current study has not received much attention. Based on province-level panel data of china over the period 1995 ~ 2009, this paper firstly calculates Malmquist productivity index of all provinces and decomposes them into efficiency change and technical change components. Then the paper inspects the effect on absorptive capacity related R＆D spillovers of the human capital, constructed by these four factors. and technology spillovers. R＆D investment, institution, technology gap an At last, it analyses the influence of technology d a sort of compositive variable structure on absorptive capacity The research conclusions are as follow： （ 1 ） the inter-provincial spillover, international trade spillover, FDI spillover and ODI spillover are important factors which can influence area TFP. （2）absorptive capacity through dif- ferent channels of technology spillover influences TFP and its decomposition variables. （3） area technical structure through the effect on the integration of absorption capacity and technology spillover, effects TFP and its decomposi- tion variables. Under the technical structure, inter-provincial and international spillover have multidimensional path to TFP. Knowledge and technology flow can transcend national and area boundaries, developing countries gain ad- vanced technology through international trade, FDI, ODI, use effective techniques through the regional relation and competition, therefore, developing countries seem to imitate and learn from advanced technology to achieve the technology catching up, but this effect is achieved with the strong ness and behavior of ＂ two innovation ＂ as the premise, which is Different matching degree of technical structure and and EC. Therefore, we should not only pay attention absorption capacity, as well as having conscious- related with region specific technology structure. absorption ability will bring different performance in TFP, TC to imitate, learn and effective use of various channels technolo- gy spillover by international economic interaction or provincial closely linkage. And also of the region itself absorptive capacity of technology and knowledge, which can achieve strengthen the cultivation by improving the stock of human capital, increasing investment strength in research and development, reforming economic system and finding the right technology gap; And need construct efficiency system between technology structure and absorption ability and region economy, adjust the influence process and result between the absorptive capability of technology and re- gional productivity depending on reasonable technical structure.