地区间要素配置效率与中国生产率增长

Interregional Factor Allocation and Productivity Growth in China

采用转换份额分析方法和随机前沿方法,分析了1978~2010年省际要素配置效率对劳动生产率和全要素生产率的贡献,并利用要素边际产出探讨了要素配置效率低下的原因。研究发现：全要素生产率增长主要来源于技术进步,要素配置效率对生产率的贡献较小,但对全要素生产率的变化趋势具有重要影响;劳动配置效率的贡献要高于资本配置效率,其原因是劳动与资本配置机制存在差异;我国地区间的要素边际产出差异依然巨大,要素配置效率较低。因此,改善要素配置机制,消除要素流动障碍,是提高要素配置效率的主要途径。

This paper applies a shift-share approach and a stochastic frontier production model to Chinese provincial data over 1978-2010 to analyze the impacts of factors allocation to labor productivity growth and total labor productivity （TFP） growth. And marginal product of factor is calculated to elaborate the basic reasons behind inefficient allocation of factors. The main findings are listed as follows： TFP growth is mainly driven by technical progress. Although factor allocation effects contribute much less to produc- tivity growth in china, they have important impacts on the tendency of total factor productivity change. Because of differences in allo- cation mechanics of labor and capital, the allocation efficiency of labor is higher than that of capital; the huge disparity in marginal product of both labor and capital indicate inefficiency in factor allocation. To improve the efficiency of factor allocation, improvements on the factor allocation mechanics and factor mobility are the main suggestions.