中国5个地区母乳喂养现状及影响因素研究

Breastfeeding and associated factors in five areas of China

目的了解婴幼儿母乳喂养水平,探讨影响母乳喂养方式的相关因素。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样,抽取了来自中国5个省份中5个城市的市区、镇和农村。以2006年1月1日至2008年12月31日出生的婴幼儿及父母为调查对象,共调查17 094名婴幼儿。采用现况研究方法,使用统一设计的调查表对调查对象进行面对面问卷调查。用Logistic回归分析方法估计影响母乳喂养因素的比值比(OR)及95%可信区间(CI)。结果哺乳期妇女纯母乳喂养率为62.56%。多因素调整的Logistic回归分析结果显示:汉族(OR=1.388,P<0.01)、城市人口(OR=1.748,P<0.01)、胎儿早产(OR=1.693,P<0.01)、低出生体质量(OR=1.439,P<0.01)以及母亲孕期疾病史(OR=1.340,P<0.01)、年龄≥30岁(OR=1.155,P<0.01)、流产史(OR=1.409,P<0.01)、引产史(OR=1.872,P<0.01)、文化程度高(OR=1.590～2.148,P<0.01)等因素降低了母乳喂养率,而女婴(OR=0.928,P<0.05)、胎次为2胎及以上(OR=0.882,P<0.05)则母乳喂养率高。结论我国部分地区母乳喂养率超过50%,民族为汉族、城市人口、胎儿早产、低出生体质量及母亲孕期疾病史、年龄≥30岁、流产史、引产史和文化程度高是纯母乳喂养的影响因素,降低了母乳喂养率。

Objective To explore the level of breastfeeding and identify the associated factors in China.Methods We used a random sampling method to choose fields since from five cities which stand for five regions in China,collected from urban,towns and rural in the cities.17094 infants who were born from Jan 1,2006 to Dec 31,2008 and their parents were enrolled in our survey.We Surveyed face to face by designed questionnaires.The contents of investigation are including： general condition of infants and their parents,health condition in pregnancy in mother,abortion and artificial labor in mother.Associations between the factors studied and exclusive breastfeeding were analyzed with Logistic regression.Results The rate of fetal exclusive breastfeeding was 62.56%.Multivariate Logistic regression showed that the associated factors of exclusive breastfeeding included： ethnic Han（OR=1.388,P〈0.01）,urban infants（OR=1.748,P〈0.01）,premature infants（OR=1.693,P〈0.01）,low birth weight（OR=1.439,P〈0.01）,pregnancy disease（OR=1.340,P〈0.01）,mother childbearing age≥30（OR=1.155,P〈0.01）,history of abortion（OR=1.409,P〈0.01）,induced labor history（OR=1.872,P〈0.01）,mum’s higher education level（OR=1.590~2.148,P 〈0.01）,which may decreased the probability of breastfeeding and increased the probability of exclusive breastfeeding.Baby girl（OR=0.928,P 〈0.05）,parity 2 or more（OR=0.882,P〈0.05） may increase the probability of breastfeeding.Conclusion The rate of exclusive breastfeeding was 62.56%,ethnic Han,urban infants,premature infants,low birth weight,pregnancy disease,mother childbearing age≥30,History of abortion,induced labor history,mum’s higher education level may decrease the probability of breastfeeding.