小流域综合治理的几个理论问题探讨

Discussions about some theoretical issues of small watershed comprehensive management

水土资源是人类生存和发展过程中不可代替的基础资源,而由土壤侵蚀引发的水土资源流失问题已严重阻碍了我国经济的可持续发展,成为我国的头号环境问题。为此以小流域为单元,开展水土流失综合治理是我国可持续发展的必然选择。经过50多年的不断探索与发展,小流域综合治理模式成效显著,治理模式已日趋成熟,然而在肯定成果的同时,也面临着不少薄弱环节和突出理论问题亟待解决。为此,主要基于理论角度,从流域土壤侵蚀、流域水文与水资源、流域生态经济、流域生态系统健康、流域环境和流域生态工程等6方面对小流域综合治理过程中存在的问题加以总结,为小流域综合治理的未来发展提供一定参考。

Soil and water resources are vital basic resources in mankind＇ s living and development progress. The Loss of soil and water resources caused by soil erosion has already seriously obstructed economy development of our country, which has been the first environmental problem. Therefore, it is essential for our country to carry out comprehensive management of soil erosion, with small watershed as unit. After 50 years of exploration and development, the achievements of the small watershed management model are positive and remarkable. However, many weaknesses and outstanding theoretical problems we faced must be resolved. In order to solve the outstanding theory problems and provide some references for future study, this paper summarized the problems existed in comprehensive management of small watershed from the following aspects： soil erosion, hydrology and water resources, ecosystem economy, health, environment and ecosystem engineering.