刑事强制措施中的令状制度研究——从美国法的角度切入

On Warrant System in the Criminal Compulsory Measures——From the Perspective of American Law

在刑事强制措施适用中,令状制度有助于监督、制约强制处分权的行使,为被干预者的权利救济提供依据,保障其免受无理强制措施的侵犯。令状的签发主体必须为中立的司法机关,且基于相当理由的证据基础,适用对象及范围必须具体化。令状制度存在的局限性需要事后司法审查机制来弥补。我国刑事诉讼法应借鉴令状制度的精神,改造刑事强制措施决定权配置模式。

Warrant system is helpful in supervising and controlling police power, and in providing the way of right relief and safeguarding human rights in the application of the criminal compulsory measures.The main bodies which issue the warrant must be neutral and detached judicial organs and officers.The process issued must be based on the evidential standard of 'probable cause' and be applied to specific objects and scope.The limitations of warrant system should be supplemented by after-the-fact judicial review.Chinese Criminal Procedure Code should take the core of warrant system to reform the power mode of deciding the criminal compulsory measures.