498例原发性高血压病患者中医体质特点及与证候的关系

Relationship between Syndrome and Constitution Characteristics on 498 cases of Primary Hypertension Patients

目的:观察原发性高血压病患者中医体质分布特点及与证候的关系,为高血压病的中医防治提供依据。方法:采用中医体质问卷对498例原发性高血压患者进行中医体质调查,并按照《中医体质分类与判定》的分型法分析诊断体质,以进行体质和证候的相关分析。结果:原发性高血压患者的体质分布与性别、年龄有一定相关性(P<0.01),在病理体质中,阴虚体质、痰湿体质出现频率最高,其他依次为阳虚质、气虚质、湿热质、气郁质、血瘀质、平和质、特禀质;阴虚阳亢、肝火亢盛、痰湿壅盛、阴阳两虚等证候为原发性高血压病患者的主要证候特点,尚有少数其他证候,如气血亏虚,痰瘀阻络。阴虚阳亢证、肝火亢盛证与阴虚质、湿热质显著相关(P<0.05),痰湿壅盛与痰湿质、气虚、气郁质显著相关(P<0.05),阴阳两虚证与气虚质、阴虚质显著相关(P<0.05)。结论:阴虚质、痰湿质和气虚质为原发性高血压患者的常见体质类型,原发性高血压患者的中医体质类型与中医证候密切相关。

Objective： To investigate the relationship between syndrome and constitution characteristics on 498 cases of primary hypertension patients and provide the basis for of Chinese medicine prevention and control on hypertension. Methods： Constitution of TCM constitution survey questionnaire were applied to investigat 498 patients with essential hypertension, and these patients were classified by TCM constitution according to the Chinese medicine physical endowment classification with judge, in order to analyze the constitution and syndromes. Results： Constitution characteristics of the primary hypertension relat- ed to sexual distinction and age at some degree（P〈0.01）; in pathologic physique, Yin deficiency, phlegm dampness constitution with occurrence highest frequency, others included, Yang deficiency quality, the Qi deficiency quality, heat-dampness quality, Qi depression quality, blood stasis quality, Ping-he quality and reported quality especially; hyperactivity of Yang due to Yin deficiency, hyperactivity of liver fire, phlegm-dampness, yin and yang deficiency are the major syndromes in primary hyperten- sion patients. There are a few other syndromes, such as the deficiency of Qi and blood, phlegm and blood stasis. Hyperactivi- ty of Yang due to Yin deficiency, hyperactivity of liver fire were related to Yin deficiency and dampness-heat quality （P〈 0.05）; the profuse expectoration and retention of dampness syndrome was significantly related to phlegm-dampness quality, Qi deficiency quality and Qi depression （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Yin deficiency, phlegm and yang quality are the common physical type in primary hypertension patients; constitutions in Chinese medicine and TCM syndrome closely related with primary hypertension.