采珠后河蚌副产物的营养成分分析及评价

The nutritive composition analysis and evaluation of the by-products from freshwater mussels after pearl-fishing

对采珠后河蚌的副产物—蚌肉、外套膜和蚌泪(蚌内体液)进行了成分分析,并对其营养价值进行综合评定。结果表明,新鲜蚌肉、外套膜和蚌泪的含水量分别为76.92%、82.44%和89.31%。干基表示其余指标,蚌肉、外套膜和蚌泪中粗蛋白含量分别为51.07%、47.72%和43.84%;灰分含量7.19%、15.01%和4.34%;粗脂肪含量分别为7.45%、6.37%和4.57%;总糖26.65%、22.9%和42.46%。蚌肉、外套膜和蚌泪中氨基酸总量分别41.54%、37.61%和32.56%,其中必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的44.43%、42.75和45.02%,接近FAO/WHO推荐的最佳模式;矿质元素如Ca、P、Fe、Mg等含量丰富,蚌肉中铅、汞、铬、砷等几种重金属含量远低于食品卫生标准限量;不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,分别占脂肪酸总量的64.05%、70.39%和57.49%。河蚌浑身是宝,是一种低价、优质的可用资源。

The components of the freshwater mussel meat,mantle and mussel tears（humor）were determined,and nutritional qualities were synthetically evaluated.Results showed that the water contents of freshwater mussel meat,mantle and humor were 76.92%,82.44%,89.31%,respectively.The contents of crude protein were 51.07%,47.72%,43.84%.Contents of ash were 7.19%,15.01%,4.34%.Contents of crude fat were 7.45%,6.37%,4.57%.Contents of carbohydrate were 26.65%,22.94%,42.46%.The total amino acids of the freshwater mussel meal,mantle and humor,were 41.54%,37.61%,32.56% respectively,and the percentage of essential amino acids in total amino acids were 44.43%,42.75%,45.06%,respectively,which were close to the pattern of FAO/WHO.Minerals contents was rich such as Ca,Fe,Mg,especially the heavy metal in the mussel meal were all under the restriction of food safety.There were affluent contents of unsaturated oils,were 64.05%,70.39%,57.49%.As a conclusion,the freshwater mussel is precious and excellent source at every pore,which is low in price.