饲料中蛋白质和脂肪水平对克氏原螯虾生长的影响研究

Study on Effect of Dietary Protein and Lipid Levels on Growth of Procambarus clarkii

采用4×3双因子试验,探讨饲料中不同蛋白质和脂肪水平对克氏原螯虾成活率、生长、饵料系数、肌肉氨基酸组成的影响。结果表明:饲料中的蛋白质和脂肪水平显著影响克氏原螯虾的增重率(833.67%～1091.38%)、饵料系数(1.53～1.96);在蛋白质和脂肪水平分别为28%和6%的饲料组中,虾的增重率、特定生长率最高,饵料系数最低,差异均显著(P<0.05);饲料中必需氨基酸随饲料蛋白水平提高而增加,克氏原螯虾肌肉中必需氨基酸呈先上升后下降的趋势。24%蛋白质和6%脂肪的饲料组的必需氨基酸和总氨基酸含量最高,32%蛋白质和4%脂肪的饲料组最低,28%蛋白质和6%脂肪的饲料组中4种呈味氨基酸(Asp,Glu,Gly,Ala)含量均较高。建议克氏原螯虾人工饲料最适的蛋白质和脂肪水平分别为24%～28%和6%。

The effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on the survival rate, growth, feed conversion ratio and muscle amino acid components of Procambarus clarkii were studied by using 4× 3 double factorial design. The results indicated that the dietary protein and lipid levels had a significant influence on the weight gain rate （833.67% -1091.38% ） and feed conversion ratio （ 1.53 ~ 1.96） （P 〈 0.05）. The weight gain rate and specific growth rate were the highest, and the feed conversion ratio was the lowest in 28% pro- tein plus 6% lipid group. Dietary essential amino acid content was increased with the increase in dietary protein level, and the essen- tial amino acid content in the muscle of Procambarus clarkii ascended first and then reduced. The contents of total amino acid and es- sential amino acid in the muscle were the highest in 24% protein plus 6% lipid group, and was the lowest in 32% protein ＋ 4% lipid group. Moreover, in 28% protein ＋ 6% lipid group, the muscle contained more four delicate flavour amino acids （Asp, Glu, Gly, Ala）. In conclusion, the author suggests that the optimal levels of dietary protein and lipid for Procambarus clarkii are 24% ~ 28% and 6%, respectively.