烟台苹果产地土壤地球化学特征及成土因素研究

The Study on Soil Geochemistry Features and Soil Forming Factors of Yantai Apple Producing Area

土壤地球化学特征是成土自然因素和人为因素的相互制约和效应的综合体现。通过对烟台苹果产地地球化学环境调查,对影响苹果品质的特异性元素含量进行了探讨。研究了土壤Fe/Na比与特异性元素的相关关系,并对自然与人为成土控制因素进行了判别。结果表明:与全国和东部平原土壤相比,果树根系土富集OrgC、N、P、Cd、Cl、Cu、Hg,亏损As、B、Ca、F、S、U。元素在表层土壤中富集且大多数元素含量与土壤成熟度有关。进一步研究表明,As、B、Ca、F、U元素含量主要受自然成土因素控制,而N、P、OrgC、Cd、Cu、Hg和S与人为成土因素有关。种植区立地背景以及土壤的内在地球化学特征是决定苹果品质的主要因素。

The soil geochemical characteristics were the integrated embodiment of soil forming which affected by natural and human factors. A survey on soil geochemical environment of Yantai apple producing areas was con- ducted. The contents of specific elements in soil, which affect the quality of apple, were discussed, the correlation relationship between the ratio of Fe/Na and the specific elements in soil was investigated, and the natural and hu- man factors that affected the soil forming was also discriminated. The results indicate that compared to the national and eastern plain soil, fruit tree root soil were enriched of OrgC, N, P, Cd, C1, Cu, Hg, while lack of As, B, Ca, F, S, U, meanwhile, the elements were enriched in surface soil and the contents of most elements were related to the maturity of soil. Further more, the contents of As, B, Ca, F, U in soil were mainly controlled by natural soil forming factors, while the contents of N, P, OrgC, Cd, Cu, Hg and S were mainly controlled by human factors of soil forming. The main factors that affected the quality of apples are the background of the apple producing areas and its soil geochemical features.