AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON DISTRIBUTION OF PRECIPITATION ASSOCIATED WITH LANDFALLING TROPICAL CYCLONES AFFECTING CHINA

In order to provide an operational reference for tropical cyclone precipitation forecast,this study investigates the spatial distributions of precipitation associated with landfalling tropical cyclones(TCs) affecting China using Geostationary Meteorological Satellite 5(GMS5)-TBB dataset.All named TCs formed over the western North Pacific that made direct landfall over China during the period 2001-2009 are included in this study.Based on the GMS5-TBB data,this paper reveals that in general there are four types of distribution of precipitation related to landfalling TCs affecting China.(a) the South-West Type in which there is a precipitation maximum to the southwestern quadrant of TC;(b) the Symmetrical South Type in which the rainfall is more pronounced to the south side of TC in the inner core while there is a symmetrical rainfall distribution in the outer band region;(c) the South Type,in which the rainfall maxima is more pronounced to the south of TC;and(d) the North Type,in which the rainfall maxima is more pronounced to the north of TC.Analyses of the relationship between precipitation distributions and intensity of landfalling TCs show that for intensifying TCs,both the maximum and the coverage area of the precipitation in TCs increase with the increase of TC intensity over northern Jiangsu province and southern Taiwan Strait,while decreasing over Beibu Gulf and the sea area of Changjiang River estuary.For all TCs,the center of the torrential rain in TC shifts toward the TC center as the intensity of TC increases.This finding is consistent with many previous studies.The possible influences of storm motion and vertical wind shear on the observed precipitation asymmetries are also examined.Results show that the environmental vertical wind shear is an important factor contributing to the large downshear rainfall asymmetry,especially when a TC makes landfall on the south and east China coasts.These results are also consistent with previous observational and numerical studies.

In order to provide an operational reference for tropical cyclone precipitation forecast, this study investigates the spatial distributions of precipitation associated with landfalling tropical cyclones （TCs） affecting China using Geostationary Meteorological Satellite 5 （GMS5）-TBB dataset. All named TCs formed over the western North Pacific that made direct landfall over China during the period 2001-2009 are included in this study. Based on the GMS5-TBB data, this paper reveals that in general there are four types of distribution of precipitation related to landfalling TCs affecting China. （a） the Sonth-West Type in which there is a precipitation maximum to the southwestern quadrant of TC; （b） the Symmetrical South Type in which the rainfall is more pronounced to the south side of TC in the inner core while there is a symmetrical rainfall distribution in the outer band region; （c） the South Type, in which the rainfall maxima is more pronounced to the south of TC; and （d） the North Type, in which the rainfall maxima is more pronounced to the north of TC. Analyses of the relationship between precipitation distributions and intensity of landfalling TCs show that for intensifying TCs, both the maximum and the coverage area of the precipitation in TCs increase with the increase of TC intensity over northern Jiangsu province and southern Taiwan Strait, while decreasing over Beibu Gulf and the sea area of Changjiang River estuary. For all TCs, the center of the torrential rain in TC shifts toward the TC center as the intensity of TC increases. This finding is consistent with many previous studies. The possible influences of storm motion and vertical wind shear on the observed precipitation asymmetries are also examined. Results show that the environmental vertical wind shear is an important factor contributing to the large downshear rainfall asymmetry, especially when a TC makes landfall on the south and east China coasts. These results are also consistent with previous observational and numerical studies.