西部新生代农民工城市就业特征与城市化的政策响应研究

A Research on the Western Urban Employment Characteristics of New Generation of Migrant Workers and the Policy Response to Urbanization

在新生代农民工的"迁移—就业—定居—生活"城市化过程中,其城市就业特征及其相应的经济、社会状态直接影响其在城市的生活状态和行为特征。对以陕西省为重点的西部地区新生代农民工城市就业情况的调查表明:新生代农民工的就业选择趋于多样化,服务业的就业吸纳潜力巨大;就业城市规模选择偏好于所在省份的大中城市;新生代农民工在技能培训和继续教育方面存在显著的需求;城市就业收入成为多数家庭的主要经济来源,多数家庭年收入处于城市中低收入范围;女性新生代农民工劳动保障受到极大忽视。从促进新生代农民工深度城市化的目标来看,需要从发展战略与规划方面做出的城市政策响应包括:提升服务业(特别是现代服务业)对新生代农民工城市就业的吸纳能力;采取多种途径加强对农民工的职业技能培训;以城市居住为核心促进农民工公平公正地城市化进程;加强对女性新生代农民工就业保障和城市化需求的关注。

A problem about new generation of migrant workers into the city and its deep urbanization has become a main task of national development of urbanization transformation. In the process of ＂migration- employment-settlement-living＂ of new generation of migrant workers, the urban employment characteris- tics and its corresponding economic, social situation would directly affect their living conditions and behav- ior traits. As to the urban employment situation which mainly focused on the new generation of migrant workers in western city, especially in Shanxi province, a survey has been made and generates the following results： the employment options of new generation of migrant workers tend to be diversified with great po- tential employment options in service industry; the selection of the city scale for employment prefers to the large and medium-sized cities in the province; there is significant demand of skill training and continuing education for new generation of migrant workers; the urban employment income becomes the main eco- nomic resource for most of families but their income level still stays in medium even low range; the labor security for new women generation of migrant workers has been seriously ignored. In order to accelerate the development of deep urbanization in new generation of migrant workers, an urban policy response from the perspective of development strategy and planning should include the following points- raise the absorp- tion capability of service industry （especially modern service industry） of new generation of migrant work- ers; strengthen the training of professional skills for migrant workers in various ways; take the urban set- tlement as the core to facilitate the fair and justified urban process between migrant workers; guarantee the employment of new women generation and pay more attention to the urbanization demand.