苏州地区周代土墩的发掘与研究

The Excavation and Research of the Zhou Mounds in Suzhou

2008年全国文物普查工作以来,苏州市考古研究所在苏州地区西北部70余座山脉发现土墩300多座。土墩均分布在山脊上,有一山一墩、一山多墩以及一山数十墩,大多为西周中期至春秋战国时期的文化遗存。按结构可分为石室土墩与土墩墓:前者为一墩一室,有军事、祭祀、居住、墓葬等多种用途;后者均为墓葬,大多为竖穴墓,有一墩一墓和一墩多墓。墓葬规模和出土文物显示,墓葬大多为吴(越)墓葬,亦有楚墓,其中吴国王陵中存在的盗掘与毁墓现象,应与越国和楚国的报复性挖掘有关。

Since the national survey of cultural relics conducted in 2008, Suzhou Research Institute of Archaeology has discovered more than 300 mounds on over 70 mountains in the northwestern part of Suzhou. These mounds are all positioned on the mountain ridges and believed to be from the period between the middle of Western Zhou through the Warring States. Some mountains host one single mound each while others are with several even tens of mounds. These mounds can be categorized as two types according to their structures： stone-chambered mounds, which is attached with one chamber and were used for military, rituals, residency or burials, and tumuli, which includes a single or multiple tombs. The burial scale and characteristics of the burial objects suggest that most of them were from the Wu or Yue with some from the Chu. The Wu tombs were found severely raided or destroyed, which is believed to be results of the vindictive diggings by Yue and Chu.