生态博物馆参与性结构对比研究：以加拿大上比沃斯和中国梭戛生态博物馆为例

A Comparative Analysis of the Participatory Scheme of Ecomuseums:Cases of the Ecomusée de la Haute-Beauce,Canada and the Soga Ecomuseum,China

生态博物馆是在新博物馆学理念下开展的一种极有意义的尝试,它意图弥补传统博物馆在公众关系上的不足,鼓励社区民众的民主参与。加拿大上比沃斯生态博物馆和中国贵州梭戛生态博物馆各自国情、民情差异悬殊,其形式也迥异。上比沃斯生态博物馆以博物馆为教育民众的工具,力图通过民众广泛的参与来促进社区的发展,但其过于分散的权力分配和专家的权威性也导致了"虚假参与";梭戛生态博物馆因处于贫困地区,发展经济的重要性超过了文化保护,博物馆的发展与旅游开发相关,而民众参与受到很大限制。中国生态博物馆与西方立足于服务社区的民主自治模式有较大差异,中国生态博物馆需要重视民众参与,建立中国式参与性结构。

Ecomuseums are experimental products of museums practices inspired by the New Museology. They focus on public relationship, which is what traditional museums lack, and encourage community participation. The Ecomusee de la Haute-Beauce in Quebec, Canada and the Soga Ecomuseum in Guizhou, China differ from each other in forms as well as the social and cultural environments they are within. The ecomuseum of Haute-Beauee regards the museum as a tool for public education and attempts to promote the community development by expanded participation of local people. Its over-distributed power and authority, however, caused some fake participation. The Soga Ecomuseum, located in a less-developed area of china, places more focus on economic development rather than cultural preservation. Tourism is closely tied to the museum＇ s operation and public participation is greatly restricted. The ecomuseum practice in China differs from that of western countries where the local community is the focus and a self-development structure is adopted. More attention on public participation is called for and a participatory scheme of Chinese style is expected.