基于环境保护角度的页岩气开发黄金准则

A golden rule of shale gas development from an environmental perspective

页岩气作为一种清洁的、储量巨大的能源吸引了越来越多的关注,但其特殊的勘探开发技术可能带来新的环境风险和挑战,包括大气污染及温室效应、地下水及地表水污染,并会因用水量巨大而导致局部地区水资源短缺。为此,在借鉴美国应对页岩气开发所致环境风险对策的基础上,从如何防止大气与气候污染、地下水与地表水污染等方面总结了基于环境保护角度的页岩气开发黄金准则。从技术层面对页岩气开发过程可能导致的环境风险进行了分析,并提出防范大气污染及温室效应、防止地下水及地表水污染等相应的对策和监测手段;指出在页岩气开发过程中,还应该在现有环境法案框架基础上有针对性地制定环境保护政策,这些政策法规应该起到中坚作用。结论认为,我国尚处于页岩气的发展初期,具有很好的实施环境和社会协调发展的基础,因此在页岩气开发伊始就要把环境保护纳入管理体系。

The world has been showing more and more concern in recent years for the shale gas with tremendous reserves.However,its particular exploration and exploitation technologies pose high risks and great challenges in the environment,such as atmospheric pollution,greenhouse effect,contamination in surface and underground water,local water shortage due to a huge amount of water usage.In view of this,learning from the experience in mitigating environmental risks in the U.S.shale gas exploitation,this paper presents a golden rule of shale gas discovery and recovery in the aspects of how to protect air and climate,surface and underground water from being polluted.First,from the technical point of view,the potential environment risks are analyzed,and the related countermeasures and monitoring measures are presented.Then it is pointed out that corresponding policies on environmental protection should be supplemented in the existing laws and regulations and then will be highly relied on in the process of shale gas development.In conclusion,because shale gas development in China is still at the incubation period,we have enough time to keep everything in balance so as to bring environmental protection into the management system at first before action.