大麻素受体与帕金森病及异动症相关性研究进展

Research Progress in the Cannabinoid Receptors in Parkinson＇s Disease and Levodopainduced Dyskinesia

帕金森病（PD）是严重影响中老年人的生活质量的中枢神经退行性疾病，其发病机制目前仍不明确。目前认为，与遗传因素、环境因素、兴奋性氨基酸毒性、氧化应激、免疫学异常、线粒体功能障碍、炎症反应、细胞凋亡等因素密切相关。新近的研究发现，非多巴胺代偿机制在PD及其异动症（LID）的发展过程中起着重要作用，内源性大麻素系统已成为其中的热点之一，尤其是大麻素CB，受体的研究备受关注。本文通过对近年来国内外有关大麻素研究的总结，对大麻素受体在PD及左旋多巴诱导LID中作用机制及研究进展的阐述，得出大麻素CB1受体在PD和LID的病理发展过程中起着重要的作用，但不同部位的大麻素CB1受体被不同的eCB激活，可能会对不同的神经递质产生不同的作用。因此，对大麻素CB1受体在基底节不同部位的具体作用机制的深入研究，为PD和LID的发病机制开辟了新的认识途径。

Parkinsion＇s disease （PD） is a central nervous degenerative disease which seriously affects the quality of the lives of the elderly and so far its pathogenesis is not still clear. Now it is closely related to lots of factors, such as genetic factors, environmental factors, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, immunological abnormalities, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, apoptosis and so on. Recent stuty shows that non - dopaminergic compensatory mechanisms play an important role in the process of the development of PD and levodopa- induced dyskinesia （LID）. And the endogenous canuabinoid system has become one of the hot spots, especially in cannabinoid CB1 receptor. This article summarizes the steady of cannabinoid progress in recent years and describes the research progress on cannabinoid receptors in PD and LID. The resuls are that cannabinoid CB1 receptor plays an important role in the pathological process of PD and LID. But different parts of the cannabinoid CB1 receptors are activated by different parts of the eCB and different neurotransmitters have different effects. So further study will show new ways of understanding in the basal ganglia in different parts of the pathogenesis of PD and LID