体制内的变革:战时大学教授的宪改方案

Reform inside the System: Constitutional Reform Proposed by Professors in the Period of War of Resistance against Japan

1939年9月国民参政会一届四次会议在重庆召开,在野党派会上所提的七个提案引发了战时第一次宪政运动,而宪法草案的修改则成为宪政运动的中心。由昆明九教授提出的宪法修正案对原有的政治制度进行了创新性的设计和改造,即在国民大会闭会期间设立"国民议政会"这一常设机构,以实现对专制权力的制约和限制,构筑基本的宪政框架,但由于国民党政府缺乏实行宪政的决心和诚意,不愿意与在野党派分享政治权力,教授派的宪政改革方案最后无果而终。

The parties out of office put forward seven proposals at the fourth session of the first National Political Council, which triggered the first constitutional movement in the period of the War of Resistance against Japan. The modification of the draft Constitution was the central task of the first constitutional movement, and its amendment proposed 5y the nine professors from Kunming designed and restructured the existing political system in an innovative manner. It was proposed that a national deliberative committee be set up in order to check and restrict the autocratic power, and build a basic constitutional government framework. But the Kuomintang government lacked the determination and sincerity to become a constitutional government, and therefore was unwilling to share the political power with parties out of office so that the professors＇ constitutional reform resulted in nothing.