基于政府视角的农民创业环境实证研究——以湖北省为例

Research on the Environment of Farmers Entrepreneurship——Take Hubei Province as Example

以创业促进就业是解决农民就业问题的良方,而政策环境对于创业行为的发生具有巨大的推动和促进作用。通过对湖北省930家农村微小企业的调查,研究政府寻租对农民创业的影响。结果表明:初创公司的额外负担及其对公司的影响均显著低于老公司,说明农民创业的各项优惠政策已取得一定效果;政府寻租,不仅执法弹性较大,而且偏好高额寻租盈利能力强、经营年限长和规模大的成长型企业,这不利于微小企业的健康成长。虽然创业者的退出威胁可以抑制政府的高额寻租行为,但在全民创业及创业融资难的背景下这种抑制不具备可操作性。改善农民创业环境的关键在于政府加强法制建设,提高执法质量。

Entrepreneurship serves as a good way to solve the problem of unemployment for farm- ers. And the policy environment can greatly promote the occurrence of entrepreneurial behavior. Based on the survey of 930 rural microenterprises in Hubei Province, we explored the effect of government＇s rent-seeking on farmers＇ entrepreneurship. The result shows that the additional burden, together with its impact on start-ups, is significantly lower than that for the old companies. This indicates that the preferential policies on farmers＇ entrepreneurship have achieved certain effects. We also find that the government＇s rent-seeking policy does not affect firms uniformly, showing greater flexibility in enforce-ment and preference to promising companies with higher levels of regulatory extortion for profits and longer operating life, which impedes the healthy growth of rural microenterprises. Although the with- drawal of the entrepreneur can inhibit the high rent-seeking behavior, it is unlikely to occur under the condition of nationwide enterprise-starting as well as difficulty in entrepreneurial financing. Therefore, to make it easier for the farmers to start up a business, the government should strengthen the legal con-struction and improve the quality of law enforcement.