老子“俭”德探微

Analysis of Laozi's “Frugality”

在老子那里,"俭"与"啬"同义,均意指"不费"、"守约"。"俭"之为"德",其旨归在于持守自然之道,因而被老子称为"三宝"之一。然而,历来有不少解老者出于功用的考虑而将其曲解为某种"术",这种离体而言用的做法大体分为两类:一是以俭啬求隐忍,由此演述了一种"南面之术",此术以韩非为代表;二是以俭啬来敛气,由此演述了一种"养生之术",此术以河上公为代表。在老子阐释史上,尽管任何一种术化的理解都能从老子那里寻得片言只语以作论资,但那毕竟已非老子之学的本真面目。

In the opinion of Laozi, ＂frugality＂ and ＂being miserly＂ have the same meaning, but ＂ frugali ty＂ as one of the virtues is to keep the natural way, thus being called one of the ＂Three Treasures＂ by Laozi. However, some scholars in history understood ＂frugality＂ as some kind of ＂approach＂, be divided into two kinds. One is that being hidden and tolerant will be got by way of frugali which can ty or being miserly with Han Fei as representative ; the other is that qi will be got by way of frugality or being miserly with Heshanggong as representative. Neither approach can reach the true face of Laozi if Laozi is under- stood by way of skill.