条件价值法和机会成本法在小流域生态补偿标准估算中的应用——以安徽省秋浦河为例

Application of Contingent Vale Method and Opportunity-cost Method to Determining Ecological Compensation Standards——A Case Study of Qiupuhe River

以安徽省南部长江一级支流秋浦河为例,采用文献分析、实证调查、对比分析等研究方法,基于机会成本法估算出2009年秋浦河流上游机会成本为60 166.35万元。基于条件价值法(CVM)得出下游的最大支付意愿(WTP)为5 623.64万元。通过估算结果分析,对两种方法的利弊进行了评述。依据半市场理论、生态学的"时空有宜"律、借鉴欧美国家成功经验,结合秋浦河流域社会经济发展现状、居民收入、支付意愿实际,提出分初始补偿与成熟补偿两个阶段进行生态补偿的观点。初始补偿标准为石台县林木直接经济效益与生态保护直接投入之差,即23 482.69万元,成熟补偿额为机会成本的全部。

Using approaches of literature review, empirical analysis and comparison analysis, the opportunity cost of the upper reaches of Qiupuhe River in 2009 was estimated as of 6.02 X 108 yuan with the opportunity cost method, and the maximum willingness to pay（WTP） was 5.62 X 107 yuan with the contingent vale meth- od（CVM）. According to the calculations, the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods were ana- lyzed in details. Based on the semi-efficient market theory and the ecological concept of time-space, the whole compensation process could be divided into two stages, initial compensation and final compensation. The difference between direct economic benefit and ecological preservation cost was set as the initial compensa- tion, which was estimated as of 2.35 X 108 yuan for the study area. The final compensation is total value of the opportunity cost.