临汾市近57年雷暴气候特征分析

The Analysis of Thunderstorm Climate Characteristic Nearly 57 Years in Linfen City

为了深入了解临汾市的雷暴气候特征,为雷电预测及防雷减灾提供科学依据,利用1954—2010年近57年地面气象观测站的雷暴观测资料,借助数理统计、线性拟合、气候倾向率法以及M-K突变检验法、小波分析等方法,对临汾市的雷暴气候特征进行统计分析。结果表明,临汾市平均年雷暴日数为26.2天;雷暴日出现最多的年份出现在1959年(47天),最少的年份在2009年(12天);临汾市雷暴日数月变化呈单峰抛物线型,其峰值位于7月;临汾市平均雷暴初日为4月29日,平均雷暴终日为9月25日;临汾市平均雷暴持续期为148天;雷暴出现时大多数同时伴有降水出现,湿雷暴占总数的79%。由此得出,临汾市雷暴日数呈现减少趋势;雷暴发生具有明显的季节性,夏季最多,冬季无雷暴;历年雷暴持续天数的变化呈波状变化。

In order to understand the climatic characteristics of thunderstorm in Linfen City, the thunder and lightning protection and disaster reduction to provide scientific basis for prediction. The author utilized the thunderstorm observation data from the ground meteorological observatory in Linfen nearly 57 years from 1954 to 2011, statistically analyzed the thunderstorm climate characteristic of Linfen City by mathematical statistics, linear fitting, climate trend rate method and M-K mutations inspection, wavelet analysis and so on. The results showed that annual average days of the thunderstorm was 26.2 days, the year appearing thunderstorm most happened in 1959, while the year appearing least happened in 2009, the thunderstorm months in Linfen City presented a parabolic unimodal change, its peak value happened in July, the average day of beginning thunderstorm on April 29, while average for ending thunderstorm on September 25 in Linfen, the average duration of thunderstorms lasted 148 days, In most precipitation appear, wet thunderstorm accounted for cases thunderstorm happened at the same time with 79% of the total number. It was concluded that the number of thunderstorm had a decreasing trend, there was an obvious seasonal thunderstorm, summer most, winter no thunderstorms, the thunderstorm days happened these years had a wavy change.