基于GIS的辽宁北部地区土壤酸化特征及其原因分析——以昌图县为例

Soil Acidification Characterics and Causes Analysis in Changtu Region in Liaoning Province

借助GIS技术对辽宁昌图县1982年和2011年两个时期土壤pH值的空间变异情况进行比较,通过分析土壤pH与交换性H+、Al3+离子及水溶性盐分等因素间的关系,探讨了当地土壤pH值变化的原因。结果表明:昌图县土壤pH平均值由1982年的6.85降至2011年的6.07,年均下降0.027个单位。就土壤类型而言,棕壤、黑土和草甸土酸化趋势明显,而风砂土pH值变化较小;统计分析结果表明,当地土壤pH与交换性Al3+、Ca2+、Cl-、HCO3-浓度关系密切。昌图地区土壤酸化的主要原因可能是化肥数量的提升和品种的改变,有机肥施用数量较少造成土壤有机质含量下降以及土壤盐基离子的补充不足和淋失数量增加。

The changes of soil acidity were studied based on the data of soil pH in Changtu in 1982 and 2011.And the soil exchangeable H＋ and Al3＋,the organic matter and the salts of soil in 2011 were analyzed.Results showed that the soil presented acidification trend in Changtu and the average value of pH decreased from 6.85 to 6.07.From the soil type,the biggest decline was meadow soil and brown earth.The exchangeable Al3＋ influenced soil acidity in Changtu region,and the soil acidity had also significant correlation with the concentration of Ca2＋,Cl-and HCO3-,no significant correlation with the organic matter.Combined with the actual production condition of local crop cultivation,human being has done a great impact on soil acidity,unreasonable fertilization,little organic material application.