适用于半干旱气候条件下的微水溶性缓释肥料在夏玉米上的肥效研究

Study on the Fertilizer Efficiency on the Summer Corn of the Water-soluble Slow-release Fertilizer Suitable for Semi Arid Climate Conditions

为了探明一种适用于半干旱气候条件下的微水溶性缓释肥料(北京市农林科学院研制,简称W,下同)在常规灌溉和减量灌溉条件下对夏玉米生长状况的影响,应用砂壤土盆栽玉米试验,设置了常规灌溉不施肥处理(CK)、常规灌溉的尿素处理(N)、常规灌溉的L型包衣尿素控释肥处理(L)、等量施肥与常规灌溉的微水溶性缓释肥处理(W1)、等量施肥与减量灌溉的微水溶性缓释肥处理(W2)5个处理。研究结果表明:与CK相比,所有施肥处理植株全氮、磷、钾含量与土壤残留硝态氮及速效钾含量均显著提高。各施肥处理相比,植株全氮含量为1.98%～2.37%,含量顺序依次为W2>W1>L>N,W2与N处理差异显著,其他处理差异均不显著;植株全钾含量为4.26%～4.84%,含量顺序依次为W1>W2>L>N,各处理差异不显著;土壤硝态氮含量为165～314mg/kg,含量顺序依次为W2>W1>L>N,W2与W1、N、L3个处理差异显著,其他处理间差异不显著;土壤速效钾含量为231.7～318.1mg/kg,含量顺序依次为W2=W1>N>L,W2与W1差异不显著,N与L差异不显著,其他处理间差异均显著。结果说明微水溶性缓释肥料养分释放具有一定的微水溶性与缓释性能,可以显著促进玉米植株氮素吸收,降低养分流失风险。

In order to find out the influence of the water-soluble slow-release fertiliz＇er which is suitable for semi arid climate conditions （made by Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, called W, similarly hereinafter）, study on the growth of summer maize under the condition of conventional irrigation and reduction irrigation. Application of sandy loam soil potted corn test, set up 5 different processes： the conventional irrigation with no fertilization （CK）, conventional irrigation urea treatment （N）, the conventional irrigation with L type coated urea fertilizer processing （L）, amount of fertilization and conventional irrigation micro water soluble fertilizer processing （W1）, fertilization and irrigation amount reduced slightly water soluble fertilizer treatment （W2）. The test results showed that, compared with conventional irrigation fertilization compared to Nincreased the content of 4.4%-30%, increased the content of plant K 1.7%-19.3%, the content of ammonium nitrogen in soil to improve 26.3%-54.2%, nitrate nitrogen content increased 3.36 times to 5.39 times, increased the content of 67.6%-201% available K. All fertilizer treatments of total nitrogen and potassium content in soil residual nitrate nitrogen and potassium contents were significantly improved. Fertilization compared （big trumpet period）, the total nitrogen： maximum value was 2.37%, the minimum value was 1.98%, the order of the number of content was W2 〉 W1 〉 L 〉 N, W2 and N had significant difference, other treatment had no significant difference; plant potassium： maximum value was 4.84%, the minimum value was 4.26%, the order of the number of content was W1 〉 W2 〉 L 〉 N, the difference was not significant; soil nitrate nitrogen maximum value was 314 mg/kg, the minimum value was 165 mg/kg, the order of the number of content was W2 〉 W1 〉 L 〉 N, W2 and W1, N, L three treatment had significant difference, other processing the difference were not remarkable. The soil available K maximum value was 318.1mg/kg, minimum value was 231.7 mg/kg, the order of the number of content was W2 = W1 〉 N 〉 L, W2 and W~ had no significant difference, N and L had no significant difference, other differences between the treatments were significant difference. This showed that, slightly water soluble fertilizer nutrient release had a slightly water soluble and slow release performance, significantly improved maize plant nitrogen absorption, reduce leaching risk.