海口市5个住宅组团家庭饮用水微生物污染状况调查

Microbial Contamination of Household Drinking Water in Five Haikou Residential Groups

[目的]了解海口市龙华区城乡结合地段5个住宅组团的家庭饮用水种类及其微生物污染概况,分析影响家庭饮用水卫生状况的因素,并提出改进建议。[方法]利用分层随机抽样法抽取龙华区5个住宅组团家庭(A、B、C、D组团为井水集中式供水,E组团为市政二次供水),进行问卷调查并采集饮用水样(包括桶装水)。按照《生活饮用水微生物检验方法》(GB/T 5750.12—2006)对菌落总数、总大肠菌群及耐热大肠菌群进行检测,对市政二次供水和水井水参照《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006)有关微生物限值进行评价;对桶装水参照《瓶(桶)装饮用纯净水卫生标准》(GB 17324—2003)中有关微生物限值标准进行评价;对检测结果进行相应统计分析。[结果]共检测水样292份。其中,菌落总数合格者为194份(占66.4%);市政二次供水、井水集中式供水及桶装水合格率分别为76.9%、69.7%、48.4%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);各组团饮用水合格率分别为73.7%、61.9%、81.5%、59.1%、76.9%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。水样总大肠菌群及耐热大肠菌群合格率分别为90.1%、92.5%。多因素非条件logistic分析显示,饮水机清洗间隔时间过长是影响桶装水微生物超标的危险因素(OR=23.515,P=0.009)。[结论]龙华区5个住宅组团中家庭饮用水微生物指标合格率较低,桶装水受微生物污染较严重,建议加强集中式供水的卫生监督,并关注桶装水卫生状况,加强其卫生监督及居民健康用水习惯的宣传普及工作。

[ Objective ] To understand microbial contamination of househoId drinking water and related risk factors in 5 residentia] groups in Longhua District of Haikou, and to propose suggestions for microbial contamination control.[ Methods ] Households of 5 residential groups in Longhua District were selected by a stratified cluster sampling approach （the A, B, C, D groups were served by central water supply from wells, and the E group by secondary municipal water supply） to conduct a questionnaire survey and drinking water sampling. Bottled water was also included if selected households drank commercial bottled water. Standard plate-count bacteria, total coliforms, and thermotolerant coliform bacteria were detected according to Standard examination methods for drinking water--Microbiological parameters （GB/T 5750.12--2006）; secondary municipal water supply and central well water supply were assessed by Standards for drinking water quality （GB 5749---2006）, and bottled water by Hygienic standard of bottled purified water for drinking （GB 17324--2003）. Statistical analyses were performed. [ Results ] A total of 292 water samples were detected and 194 met the national standard for drinking water quality requirement on standard plate-count bacteria （66.4%）： the qualified rates of water samples from secondary municipal water supply, central well water supply and bottled water were 76.9%, 69.7% and 48.4%, respectively （P〈0.05）; the qualified rates of drinking water samples in five groups were 73.7%, 61.9%, 81.5%, 59.1%, 76.9% respectively （P 〈 0.05）. In addition, 90.1% water samples met national requirement on total coliforms and 92.5% on thermotolerant coliform. A non-conditional logistic analysis indicated that the frequency of water container cleansing was a risk factor of microbial contamination in bottled water （OR=23.515, P=0.009）. E Conclusion ] The qualification rates of microbiological indicators in household drinking water are low in the 5 residential groups in Longhua District, but high in bottled water. Sanitary supervision on central water supply and bottled water should be enhanced, and healthy behaviors in drinking water among residents should be widely promoted.