三峡库区不同生境类型蝶类多样性调查及分析

On the Butterfly Diversity of Different Habitat Types in Three Gorge Reservoir

1998—2003年对长江三峡库区阔叶林、灌丛、林缘灌丛、农田、草地等5种不同生境类型蝴蝶分布状况进行调查。获得蝴蝶7 853只,隶属12科157属380种。蛱蝶科蝴蝶的属、种和个体数均为最多,说明此类群最适应库区当前的环境条件;珍蝶、喙蝶、绢蝶等科蝶类是三峡库区的稀有类群,也是库区蝶类生物多样性保护的关键类群。阔叶林、灌丛、林缘灌丛是该区域物种多样性的重要生境,特别是灌丛类生境。各类型生境的多样性指数,灌丛(0.584 5)和农田(0.474 0)的年间波动较小,草地(0.329 8)的年间波动较大。在5种类型中,灌丛的蝶类多样性指数(0.584 5)相对较高,是库区内最适于蝴蝶生存的生境。研究表明蝴蝶分布特征与生境关系密切,植被类型越接近、空间复杂程度越相似的生境,其蝴蝶生态分布特征越相似。蝴蝶生境保护对于三峡库区蝶类多样性保护具有重要意义。

The faunal composition of butterflies in five different habitat types in the Three Gorges Reservoir was surveyed from 1998 to 2003. A total of 380 species belonging to 157 genera and 12 families were recorded, among which, Nymphalidae is the fittest one in the environment according to the highest number of specie, genera and families. Acraeidae, Lihytheidae and Par- nassiidae are the unusual rare and key species of biodiversity conservation. Farmlands and shrubs had small fluctuation of diver- sity indices between 6 years, while grasslands had big one, and they were 0. 584 5, 0. 474 0 and 0. 329 8 respectively. Shrubs are the most suitable vegetations for butterfly in TGR. The investigation shows that butterfly community is closely related to habitat types, and the similarity of different butterfly communities increased with the similarity of vegetation and spatial struc- ture between different habitat types. The shrub is important hahitat of biodiversity and hence protection of these habitats is im- portant for biodiversity conservation.