清代“贤妇”与科举

"Xianfu" with Imperial Examination in Qing Dynasty

科举制度发展至清朝,已历1300余年,一直是男性所独有的文化权利。但是,贤妇作为列女种类中的一种,对科举却产生了重要影响。贤妇自身有着良好的文化修养,可以亲自课子读书,使儿子保持了课业的提前性和连贯性,许多女性最终将儿子培养成为科举制度中的成功者。贤妇对儿子在心理、经济、课业上都给予了支持和影响。贤妇自身作为一个群体,也存在地域性、家传性和阶层性的特征。

Imperial examination had developed over one thousand years to Qing Dynasty, it was a male privilege. However, ＂Xianfu＂ was one of kinds of commended ladies, played an important part in imperial examination. ＂Xianfu＂ have fine cultural cultivation, and they could teach their sons by themselves, keep advancement and con- tinuity for their sons. At last, they raised their sons up and succeeded in imperial examination. ＂Xianfu＂ exert great influence on their sons＇ psychology, economy and academy, and they have characteristics of region, clan and stratum to be a special group.