武汉与上海早期现代化的比较研究

A Comparative Research the Early Modernization Between Shanghai and Wuhan

在中国早期近代化进程中,上海和武汉是其中极具代表性的城市,二者有许多异同之处。从近代化发生的起因来说,它们都属于"后发外生型现代化",但上海发生早期现代化的时间比武汉早了20年左右,从而也造成了二者在早期现代化进程中的差距。而从现代化的内涵上来看,武汉与上海早期现代化都是不完整的,它们的突出特点是经济发展异常迅速,但在政治民主化和文化多元化等方面还没有突出的体现。上海相对于武汉来说,由于其开放和发展程度较高,并且受封建政府的控制相对较弱,上海在政治上更民主,文化上也更开放。从二者早期现代化的发展道路来看,都是"因商而兴",而武汉的这一特点尤其显著。由于以上及其他各种原因,武汉与上海早期现代化的发展动因以及产生的影响也不同。

In the progress of early Chinese modernization, Shanghai and Wuhan were outstanding representative cities among other cities. The two possessed many similarities and differences. From the aspect of sources for the happening of modernization, the two belonged to ＂later extrinsic developing modernization＂. Because Shanghai was twenty years earlier in the modernization than Wuhan, the gap between the two in the early modernization came into being. But from the aspects of connotation of modernization, the modernization of the two cities was incomplete. Their common prominent characteristic was strangely rapid development in economy, without realization of political democracy and multicultural de- velopment. Compared with Wuhan, Shanghai was ahead in the degree of opening and development, which was relatively weakly controlled by the feudalist government. Shanghai was more democratic in politics and more widely open in culture. But from the aspect of development progress of early modernization, the two cities were ＂prosperous because of commerce＂. And Wuhan was more with this feature. Owing to the above mentioned reasons and the other reasons, the dynamic factor of the early modernization of the two cities were diffexent, thus with different influence.