服务与制造的历次大讨论剖析和服务型制造的提出

Debate of Service or Manufacturing and the Emergence of Service-Manufacturing-Based Western Historic Experience

剖析了过去20多年来对服务和制造发展优先顺序的历次大讨论,并从出现的动因、经济发展背景、讨论的主要问题、结论和事后效果等角度分析了曾经出现的历次讨论热潮。中国服务业之所以没有形成所期望的发展态势,可能是对产业发展的客观规律、产业发展导向和国家实力之间的关系缺乏清晰的认识,以及对中国特殊国情和独特的发展道路认识不清所致。提出并阐述了服务型制造的概念和主要属性。强调在当前阶段中国仍然需要大力发展制造业,并密切关注制造业空心化和制造业大规模对外转移的风险,同时应大力发展以服务为导向的服务型制造模式,推动和实现中国制造的转型。

Debate about the development order of service industry and manufacturing is a long top- ic in recent 20 years. These years, service development becomes hot topic again. This paper reviews the discussions about the issue and refers the experience of the western main industrial country. The experience shows that in the take off steps almost all countries use the strategy of strengthening their manufacturing sector, and the manufacturing development also determine the power of a country. From this viewpoint, China still should pay much effort in manufacturing development and take the servitization trends into account to develop a new service-manufacturing model.