深圳市3家综合医院护士遭受医院工作场所暴力及其影响因素分析

Workplace Violence in Hospital Setting to Nursing Staff and Its Influencing Factors

目的了解护士遭受医院工作场所暴力的情况,探讨医院工作场所暴力发生的原因及影响因素。方法运用整群抽样的方法,对深圳市3家综合性医院至少临床工作1年的932名护士,收集其一般资料和医院工作场所暴力发生的情况。结果医院工作场所暴力总体发生率为64.3%,其中心理暴力占86.0%、身体暴力占20.9%和性暴力占11.5%。护士认为医院工作场所暴力发生的原因主要有传媒的负面导向(81.1%)、患者病情无好转(67.8%)、患者要求未能得到满足(64.8%)、患者(或探视者)候诊时间长(51.9%)等。医院工作场所暴力主要影响因素包括护龄、性别、学历、应对方式(P<0.05)。结论目前护士遭受医院工作场所暴力的总体发生率较高;针对暴力事件发生的原因,积极加强医院系统应对、干预、控制,强化护士对工作场所暴力的防范意识与应对能力,以减少医院工作场所暴力的发生。

Objective To describe hospital workplace violence to nursing staff and to identify the causes and the influencing factors.Methods A descriptive and correlative design was used in the study.By cluster sampling,932 nursing staff from three hospitals in Shenzhen were surveyed with Hospital Workplace Violence Questionnaire.Results The overall incidence of workplace violence was 64.3% and the incidences of verbal violence,physical violence and sexual violence were 86.0%,20.9% and 11.5% respectively.The main causes contributing to workplace violence included misleading from media（81.1%）,later recovery as expected（67.8%）,unsatisfied request（64.8%） and long waiting time to see a doctor（51.9%）.The influencing factors of workplace violence in hospital setting involved length of service,gender,educational background and coping styles of nursing staff（P〈0.05）.Conclusion The overall incidence of hospital workplace violence maintains high level.Countermeasures to improve response capacities of nurse staff should be adopted so as to reduce workplace violence in hospital setting.