液氧与气氧对空气加热器燃烧流场的影响分析

Analysis of liquid and gaseous oxygen influence on the combustion flow field of air heater

针对一种基于液体火箭发动机燃烧室结构的空气加热器,采用数值仿真技术研究了加热器内部喷雾燃烧、燃气掺混以及出口流场分布等参数。分析对比了采用酒精/液氧/空气与酒精/气氧/空气两种不同氧化剂物态三组元同轴直流式喷嘴所得到的燃烧流场的区别,并通过改变燃烧室特征长度,分析了两种计算工况的加热器的性能差异。结果表明,喷入氧化剂的物态对燃烧流场影响较大,采用液氧喷嘴的火焰较长,气氧喷嘴的火焰分布较宽,且相对于液氧喷嘴,气氧喷嘴的燃烧室前端回流区由于掺混较多的燃气,导致喷注面板附近燃气温度较高,面板承热压力较大。设计的加热器均可保证两种喷嘴的出口流场品质较高,在保证流场出口品质的原则上,气氧喷嘴的燃烧室特征长度可至少小于液氧喷嘴的1/4。

The evaluation index, such as spray combustion, gas mixing and nozzle non-uniformity of air heater based on the combustor of liquid rocket engine, was studied with numerical simulation. The difference between the injectors with ethanol/liquid oxygen/air and the injectors with ethanol/gaseous oxygen/air in the combustion flow field was discussed and analyzed. Two cases were designed by changing the characteristic length of combustor, and the performance of air heaters were investigated by numerical simulation. The results show that, the flame structure is affected obviously by the phase of oxygen. The length of flame with liquid oxygen is larger than that of gaseous oxygen. More hot gas fills in the recirculation zone in the forepart of combustor with gaseous oxygen case, which increases the gas temperature near the faceplate, and worsens the thermal environment on the faceplate. The high quality flow field on the nozzle exit is obtained with the designed air heater. The characteristic length of air heater with gaseous oxygen is at least a quarter less than that of air heater with liquid oxygen to keep the good uniformity of nozzle exit.