略论经济开发与生态环境的再适应——以黔西北畜牧业的衰落为例

On the Economic Development and the Re-adaption to the Ecological Environment: Taking the Decline of Livestock in Northwest Guizhou as an Example

黔西北位处长江、珠江的中上游,就自然背景而言,其主体为典型的疏林草坡生态区,生态系统十分脆弱,一旦开发不当,就会出现土地石漠化、沙化等生态灾变。历史上,生息在这一地区的氐羌系统各民族一直实施农牧混合生计模式,这样的生计模式不仅繁荣了当地的经济,维护了生态系统的稳定,而且还为长江、珠江中下游水资源的稳定做出过重要贡献。康熙"改土归流"后的300余年间,随着垦殖面积的扩大,无序的矿业开发,不但没有出现经济的大繁荣,反而诱发了诸种生态灾变,成了当前贵州省结构性贫困和经济性贫穷的重灾区。因此认真总结历史时期黔西北畜牧业衰落的经验教训,对于当前贵州省的经济建设、生态建设大有裨益。

The northwest Guizhou locates at the upper reaches of Yangtze and Pearl River. As for its natural background, the main part of northwest Guizhou is the classic ecological zone with the grassy slopes and woodland, which is very fragile to be destroyed if encoun- tered inappropriate development, ecological disasters like rocky desertification and land de- sertification being the result. In history, nationalities like Di and Qiang living in the region had always taken the livelihood mode of mixed agriculture and pasture, which had not only boomed local economy and maintained the stability of local ecological system but also stabi- lized the water resources of Yangtze River and Pearl River at middle and lower reaches. Over more than 300 years after the bureaucratization of native officers in Kangxi Era of Qing Dy- nasty, northwest Guizhou has become the serious disaster area of structural and economical poverty along with the enlargement of cultivated area and disordered mining exploitation, which caused various kinds of ecological disasters instead of local economic prosperity. Therefore, conscientiously summarizing the lessons of the decline of livestock in northwest Guizhou in history will greatly benefit the current economic and ecological construction in Guizhou province.