基于不同雪深的地面温度、雪(草)面温度与气温的关系

The Relationship Between Air Temperature and Ground,Snow or Grass Temperature under the Conditions of Different Snow Depth

以新疆塔城基准站自动气象站2006年11月—2010年3月积雪深度≥0 cm的451 d为样本,对0 cm地面温度、雪面(草面)温度、气温及云量、日照时数、雪深进行统计分析,找出不同积雪深度下地面温度、雪(草)面温度与气温的关系,结果显示:雪(草)面温度在积雪期,变化趋势与气温一致,受云量及日照时数影响明显,平均雪温低于平均气温;地温随雪深变化有20 cm和50 cm两个分界点,雪深≤20 cm时,地温受雪深、气温影响较大,变化趋势与气温基本一致,地温高于气温,雪层较薄时,受云量和日照影响较明显。雪深超过20 cm时,地温变化仅受长时间温度变化影响,地温变幅趋向定值,且不低于-5℃;雪深超过50 cm时,地温趋于定值(-1℃)。

Taking samples of 451 days when snow depth is greater than or equal to 0 cm from November 2006 to March 2010 at the automatic weather stations in Tacheng, ground temperature, snow or grass surface temperature, 0 cm surface temperature, cloudiness, sunshine time and snow depth were analyzed. The results show as follow： the snow or grass surface temperature was consistent with air temperature, and it was influenced obviously by cloudiness and sunshine time, and the average snow surface temperature was lower than the average air temperature in snow season; there are two distinctions when ground temperature varied with snow depth： 20 cm and 50 cm; when snow depth was less than or equal to 20 cm, the ground temperature was greatly influenced by snow depth and air temperature, and its change trend was mainly consistent with air temperature, and the ground temperature was higher than air temperature; when snow was thinner, the ground temperature was influenced obviously by cloudiness and sunshine; when snow depth was more than 20 cm but less than 50 cm, the ground temperature was only influenced by the long time air temperature change, therefore, the ground temperature varying ranges tended to a fixed value, and it was no less than -5 ℃; when the snow depth was more than 50 cm, the ground temperature tended to the fixed value （-1 ℃）.