代表理论与代表组成结构问题分析

On Theory of Representatives and Its Composing Structure

代表理论的核心问题是在代表和选民之间建立一种制度约束和激励机制,保证民主选举的真正有效与民主政治的正常运行。本文认为"代表组成结构"充分体现了民主选举的优越性,将之作为选举前分配名额比例和选举中提出确定候选人名单的依据,并没有一种坚实的代表理论作为支撑。实践证明,千方百计落实事先设计的代表结构比例,反而会牺牲民主选举的真实性。应该以代表理论反思我国选举制度运行过程中出现的弊端,改进与完善人大代表的选举,使得我国人民代表大会制度有一个健康的发展。

The core issue of theory of representatives is to establish an institutional constraints and incentive system between representatives and electorates, thus safeguarding the effectiveness of democratic election and smooth operation of democratic politics. There is no solid theory of representatives to support the idea that composing structure of representatives reflects the superiority and based on which to allocate the representative proportion before election and determine the list of candidates during election. Practice has proved that trying everything possi- ble to implement proportion of representative composing structure designed beforehand will damage authenticity of democratic elections. Shortcoming that emerges during operation of electoral system should be reflected through theory of representatives, and election of deputies to the NPC be improved and perfected, so that system of the People＇ s Congress of China will develop healthily.