基于遥感的呼伦湖水体动态监测研究

Spatio-temporal Monitoring of Hulun Lake Using Remote Sensing

湖泊是地球重要的淡水资源,其时空动态监测对于水资源的合理利用和保护具有重要意义。呼伦湖是内蒙古第一大湖,在草原生态环境保护中举足轻重。该研究选用1975-2011年间的14景Landsat遥感影像和Aster GDEM高程数据,应用水体指数,在精确提取湖泊边界的基础上,尝试估算了呼伦湖的平均水深和蓄水量,探讨了呼伦湖面积、平均水深、水量的动态变化规律及其相关关系;并结合降水、蒸发等气候数据,揭示了呼伦湖水体变化的原因。结果表明:呼伦湖水体发生了明显的萎缩,尤其进入21世纪,萎缩速度明显加快;其水域面积、平均水深和蓄水量都表现出明显的涨落周期;蓄水量与水域面积、平均水深之间均存在较显著的正相关关系,为呼伦湖遥感动态监测和预测提供了一个简单有效的方法。

Hulun Lake, the largest and most important lake in Inner Mongolia, plays an essential role in balancing the economic development and eco-environmental conservation of the great grassland in Inner-Mongolia. A dynamic monitoring for investigation of the lake＇ s spatial and temporary vicissitudes was conducted in terms of its area, mean depth and volume by use of 14 satellite images covering the years from 1975-2011 and the elevation data of Aster GDEM. The findings revealed a remarkable shrinking of water body especially starting of the 21st century, a distinct periodic variation with respect to lake＇s area, mean depth and volume, and positive correlations that existed between lake＇s volume and mean depth and between lake＇s volume and water area.