指标变换值表示的空气质量评价的普适指数公式

Universal Index Formulae of Air Quality Evaluation by Transformed Values of Indexes

为了建立形式简单、普适通用的空气质量评价的普适指数公式,适当设定空气指标的参照值和指标值的变换式,使不同指标的同级标准值经变换后的标准变换值差异不大,而标准变换值的对数值的差异更小,从而可以认为用变换值表示的不同指标皆与某个指标"等效"。因此,用变换值表示的不同指标的某种类型的空气质量评价的指数公式都可以用该"等效"指标相应的空气质量评价指数公式代替。在满足一定的优化目标准则条件下,采用猴王免疫进化算法对公式中的参数进行迭代优化,分别得到优化后对基于空气质量标准(GB3095-1996)的7项空气指标皆适用的对数型幂函数、韦伯-费希纳定律、Γ型分布函数、污染危害S型函数、加权加和型幂函数及参数化组合算子等6个空气质量评价的普适指数公式。对公式的可靠性进行了理论分析,对其实用性进行了效果检验,其评价结果与其他方法评价结果基本一致,并与实际相符合。结果表明:空气质量评价的多种形式的普适指数公式皆具有形式简洁、计算简便和普适通用的特点。

To establish the index formulae which are simple in forms and universal as well as common suited to air quality evaluation, proper reference values and transformed formulae are set for each index respectively. Based on normalized transformation of indexes, the differences of transformed values, especially logarithmic transformed values, for the same grade standard values of different indexes would become relatively small. Thus different indexes with normalized values are equivalent to a certain normalized index. Various index formulae with normalized values for air quality evaluation could be taken the place of corresponding air quality index formulae of equivalent indices. Meanwhile universal parameters in each formula are optimized, repeatedly by monkey-king immune evolutionary algorithm under conditions of meeting the optimization rule of objective function. The optimized universal index formulae, such as logarithmic power function, Weber- Fechner law, Fdistribution function, pollution harm index, power function of weighted sum and parameterized combination operator, are suitable to 7 indices items for air quality evaluation based on air quality standard of GB3095-1996. Reliability analysis of formulae was made for the uncertainties of parameters in optimized formulae. The formulae are used to some cases for verification, the evaluation results are coincident with those obtained from other evaluation methods, and also corresponding with actual conditions. Results indicated that various universal index formulae for air quality evaluation have characteristics of simplicity in form, convenience for calculation as well as universality and commonness.