汉晋南朝太子舍人的演变分化与东宫中书、门下机构的形成

A Discussion on the Prince She Ren and the Formation of the Eastern Palace Central Institutions during Han to Southern Dynasties

两汉间太子舍人由太子私属身份向朝廷职官的演变,并固定成为吏六百石(东汉二千石)任子除授、太学生课试擢选者的常任官。这一过程大致在西汉成帝时完成。此后太子舍人成为东宫侍从官中唯一的常设官。魏晋之际,太子舍人的文教素养进一步受到重视,其职责由两汉时的更直宿卫转向掌东宫表、启、、疏,并进而分化出"理文书"的中舍人。太子舍人的这一演变、分化,推动了晋代东宫中书、散骑、门下诸机构的形成。南齐时,作为舍人、中舍人清显并虚职化的结果,由寒人任职的内典书通事守舍人、门下通事守舍人被相应增设。萧梁顺应这一趋势,在东宫中书、散骑、门下、秘书诸机构中普遍增设了寒人出任的舍人职位。同时又设置由次门士族出任的东宫通事舍人以参决政事,这是梁武帝依靠次门士族、扩大门阀阶层改革在东宫官制上的反映。汉晋南朝间东宫太子舍人的演变分化,深刻地影响了东宫中枢决策机构的形成及其变化,也是朝廷官僚体系整体发展的局部体现。

The prince She Ren was the most special and permanent officials in the prince attendants offi- cers. Between Han dynasties, the private identity of She Ren was turned to the Court officials. The transformation was accomplished in the Emperor Chengdi. During Wei-Jin period, the cultural and educational attainment was valued, the She Ren began to be in charge of word processing. In Jin the function of the prince She Ren and Zhong She Ren which evolved from She Ren institu- tionalized further, and developed into Central institutions in the Eastern palace. These prince at- tendants officers always were influential officials＇ children in Han dynasty. While became the powerful family with moral intellect since Jin dynasty. In Liu Song and southern Qi, inferior no- blemen began to be in office. These prince attendants officers were all the all virtual level and glo- ry prominent in southern dynasties. Therefore the developing track of the prince the prince She Ren and Zhong She Ren were corresponded to the court officials.