“旧制度”概念辨析

Analysis of the Concept of "The Old Regime"

历史专有名词"旧制度",泛指法国1 789年之前的政治和社会制度。它最初是由革命者作为革命建立之新秩序的对立物而提出的,主要是指封建制度。而自托克维尔以来的西方历史学家,则普遍将旧制度与绝对君主制联系起来,认为法国旧制度时期大致涵盖了1 789年革命之前的三个世纪,即法国近代史。

The historical terminology ＂The Old Regime＂ generally refers to the French political and social systems before 1789. It was originally proposed by the revolutionaries as an opposite to the new order which was established by the revolution, mainly referred to the feudalism. Western historians since Tocqueville, generally link the Old Regime to the absolute monarchy, and think that France during the Old Regime roughly covers the three centuries before the 1789 revolution, that is, the early modern history of France.