基于共面度和分层结构的WSN三维定位算法

3D localization algorithm based on degree of coplanarity and layered structure for wireless sensor networks

定位技术是无线传感网络的关键技术之一,而三维定位更是定位技术的难点和研究热点。研究了现有的各种典型定位算法,分析了它们的优点与不足之处,并在具有代表性的距离无关算法DV-Hop的基础上提出了两种改进算法,分别是基于共面度的三维DV-Hop算法和基于分层结构的室内三维DV-Hop算法。前者通过分析参考点拓扑结构对定位造成的影响,提出了共面度的概念,并且结合了多重阈值选择策略,仿真结果显示该算法比原算法提高了定位精度、减少了不良节点比例,并且具有更好的稳定性。后者通过分析建筑物中节点水平分层分布的特点,提出了分层结构的定位思想和投影测距算法,仿真结果显示该算法比原算法在参考点比例较低的情况下表现出更好的鲁棒性和稳定性。

Localization is a key technology in wireless sensor network （WSN）, while localization in 3D environment is very popular and will leading the future development of localization technology. Some of the typical existing localization algorithms were introduced, and their advantages and disadvantages were analyzed in this paper. Then two improved algorithms named DCP3D DV-Hop and LS3D DV-Hop, based on one of the typical range-free localization algorithm DV-Hop were proposed. The former proposed a new concept ＂DCP （degree of coplanarity）＂ and multiple threshold constraint strategy to improve the accuracy of DV-Hop by analyzing the beacon node topology. The simulation results show that the improved method has a better performance in accuracy, bad node control and stability. The latter proposed a layered structure concept and projection based distance measuring method by analyzing the node deployment in buildings. The simulation results show that the improved method has a better performance in robustness and stability in networks with few beacons.