应激对奶牛生产的影响及防控措施

Effects of the stress on production in dairy cattle and its prevention and control measures

在集约化养殖业中,影响奶牛生理活动的应激原日趋增多,在目前无法完全消灭应激原的情况下,养殖者可针对应激产生的原因采取有效的防控措施,将应激危害降到最低,最大限度地发挥奶牛的生产性能,这对提高牧场的经济效益具有重要的意义。现对奶牛生产中常见的应激如热应激、冷应激、断奶应激、运输应激、生殖应激以及这些应激产生的原因、机制及对奶牛生产的影响予以介绍,并提出合理的防控措施。

In intensive livestock fanning, the stressors are increasing with each passing day, which affect the physiological activities of dairy cattle. At present the stressors cannot be completely eliminated, it can minimize the hazards of stress to take effective prevention and control meas- ures due to the causes of the stress, for maximizing the reproductive performance in dairy cattle. Therefore, it is of great significance to increase the economic benefits to a livestock farm. This paper describes the common stresses on production in dairy cattle, such as heat stress, cold stress, weaning stress, transport stress, productive and reproductive stress, and analyzes the causes and mechanisms of these stresses, and the effects on the production, and also brings forward the proper preventive and control measures.